SOURCE: AFI
India’s pursuit of advanced fighter jet technology includes the evaluation of various engines to power its indigenous aircraft. Currently, the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) Tejas Mk1 and Mk1A light combat aircraft are powered by the General Electric GE-404 engines. But due to delays in deliveries from GE this ignited debate in Indian defence community about seeking interest in alternatives, such as the Safran M-88-3 engines used in Dassault’s Rafale jets, But they exists several factors that will make an immediate replacement challenging.
This article delves into the reasons behind this reluctance, comparing the thrust, dimensions, and production capabilities of both engines.
The GE-404 engine, produced by General Electric, is a widely used turbofan engine known for its reliability and performance. Indian variant of GE-404 engine has 84 kN with afterburner which is far more then that of the Safran M-88-3 engines which stands at 75 kN with afterburner. Dimensions of both engines are also donot match where GE-404 Engine has a Length of 157 inches (4 meters) and diameter of 35 inches (0.89 meters), M-88-3 engines has a Length of 141 inches (3.58 meters) and diameter of 28 inches (0.71 meters), that means engine swap will require considerable internal changes in the fuselage including replacement of fuel lines.
Safran’s current M-88-3 engines production lines are optimized for the Rafale program. Scaling up production to meet the requirements for Indian aircraft would necessitate significant adjustments and investments. Transitioning from the GE-404 to the M-88-3 would require establishing new supply chains and logistical frameworks. This includes sourcing components, ensuring maintenance capabilities, and training personnel.
Any new engine integration involves rigorous certification and testing processes to ensure compatibility and safety. This would extend timelines and incur additional costs. Engine selection is not solely a technical decision; it is also influenced by geopolitical and economic factors. India’s defense procurement involves considerations of strategic partnerships and domestic industrial benefits.
While the Safran M-88-3 engine offers competitive performance and a more compact design compared to the GE-404, the transition is not straightforward. The GE-404 engine’s slightly higher thrust, existing integration within the Tejas program, and established supply chain make it the more pragmatic choice at present. Safran’s production capabilities, although robust, would require significant adaptation to meet India’s needs.