SOURCE: AFI
In a recent turn of events, Pakistan has reportedly approached Russia for the S-350 Vityaz air defense system after its earlier request for the advanced S-400 system was declined. The refusal stems from Russia’s strategic decision to avoid supplying the same defense capabilities to nations with complex geopolitical relations, as the S-400 is already operational within India’s defense infrastructure. This approach is indicative of Russia’s efforts to balance its defense partnerships in South Asia without intensifying the arms race between India and Pakistan.
The S-350 Vityaz, although not as advanced as the S-400, is still a capable medium-to-long-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system with a range of up to 120 kilometers. It has the ability to track and engage multiple targets, including ballistic and cruise missiles, as well as various types of aircraft. The S-350 would represent a significant upgrade to Pakistan’s existing air defense capabilities, providing a reliable mid-range solution to address aerial threats.
The S-350’s flexibility, efficiency, and capability to counter diverse aerial threats could offer Pakistan a better defense posture along its borders. While the S-400’s range and target interception capabilities are unmatched, the S-350 still represents a potent system that could meet many of Pakistan’s air defense needs without directly competing with India’s superior S-400 system.
Pakistan’s air defense network primarily consists of Chinese and locally produced systems, with a few additions from other allies. These systems are effective but lack the advanced layered defense that a system like the S-400 or even the S-350 could provide. Here’s an overview of Pakistan’s key air defense assets:
Anza Series MANPADS: Pakistan has developed its indigenous Man-Portable Air Defense System (MANPADS) series, the Anza Mk-I, Mk-II, and Mk-III. These are shoulder-fired missiles with ranges from 4 to 6 kilometers, designed to counter low-flying threats. The Anza series has proven effective in limited applications but lacks the sophistication needed to counter advanced aircraft and missile systems.
HQ-9/P: The HQ-9/P, Pakistan’s most advanced air defense system, is a Chinese-made SAM system with a range of around 100 to 125 kilometers, covering medium to long ranges. Capable of intercepting both aircraft and missiles, the HQ-9/P enhances Pakistan’s ability to address aerial threats within its borders.
LY-80 (HQ-16): Also sourced from China, the LY-80 is a medium-range air defense system that can engage targets up to a range of about 40 kilometers. The LY-80 has added a significant layer of protection to Pakistan’s air defense strategy, but its range and target handling capacity are limited compared to more advanced systems like the S-350 or S-400.
FM-90 and HQ-7: These are short-range air defense systems designed for point defense, protecting specific strategic assets or locations. With ranges of around 10 to 15 kilometers, these systems can target low-altitude threats, but their limited coverage makes them suitable for defending critical points rather than forming an integrated national air defense shield.
Russia’s refusal to supply the S-400 to Pakistan underscores Moscow’s approach to maintaining a delicate balance between India and Pakistan. Supplying the S-400 to both countries could disrupt the equilibrium and strain Russia’s longstanding defense relationship with India, which values its exclusive access to such advanced systems. India, a key strategic partner for Russia, was the first foreign nation to acquire the S-400, and its integration into India’s defense has reshaped the regional power equation.