SOURCE: ARITRA BANERJEE / FOR MY TAKE / IDRW.ORG
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has highlighted how modern warfare is rapidly evolving, with an increased reliance on aerial threats such as drones, swarm attacks, attack helicopters, and precision-guided munitions. The destruction of armored vehicles, including tanks, by kamikaze drones and other aerial platforms has reinforced the importance of having a robust mobile air defence system to protect mechanised forces on the battlefield.
For India, these lessons are particularly relevant. The Galwan clash in 2020 highlights the importance of rapid troop mobilisation, leading to the introduction of high-mobility vehicles for infantry along the northern borders. At the same time, there has been a steady increase in mechanised assets along both the northern and western borders to address emerging security challenges. However, to ensure comprehensive battlefield protection, these mechanised formations require proportionate air defence cover that can move alongside them and respond to evolving aerial threats.
The Need for a Modern Mobile Air Defence System
The Indian Army currently operates several air defence platforms, including the Tunguska M1 (SA-19), Schilka, OSA-AK, and Strela-10M, which have served effectively over the years. However, as aerial threats continue to evolve, there is a growing need to enhance mobile air defence capabilities with systems that offer advanced detection, tracking, and engagement features.
In alignment with the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” and “Make in India” initiatives, the Army initiated a procurement process in July 2022 with a Request for Information (RFI) for a new Air Defence Gun Missile System (Self-Propelled) – ADGM (SP). This system is envisioned to be highly mobile, capable of operating across diverse terrains and altitudes, and equipped with both guns and missiles to effectively counter fighter aircraft, helicopters, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/UCAVs at ranges of 6 km or more.
Indigenous Efforts and the Road Ahead
India’s defence industry has made significant strides in developing advanced weapon systems, and several sub-systems required for mobile air defence are already being developed domestically. While the integration of these components into a fully operational system presents technological challenges, efforts are ongoing to achieve self-reliance in this domain.
Given the complexity of such systems, indigenous solutions may take time to mature. However, the focus remains on developing an advanced, fully indigenous platform that meets the Army’s operational requirements. In the interim, exploring proven global systems that align with India’s defence needs can help bridge the gap while indigenous capabilities continue to be strengthened.
Exploring Viable Options
To meet immediate operational requirements, multiple global solutions are being examined. Recently, Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Russia’s Rosoboronexport for the Pantsir air defence system, which is being considered for the Indian Navy. With suitable adaptations, this system could be tailored for Army requirements.
Other proven air defence solutions include South Korea’s K-30 Biho, a twin-barrel, self-propelled anti-aircraft system with guided missiles, and Russia’s latest Tunguska-M2 variant. These systems provide comprehensive protection to mechanised forces and could complement India’s ongoing efforts to build indigenous solutions.
A Balanced Approach to Capability Enhancement
The Indian Army is committed to ensuring its mechanised forces have the necessary protection against evolving air threats. While efforts to develop an indigenous system are progressing, acquiring a proven system through a global procurement route could provide a crucial capability boost in the short term.
A dual-track approach—procuring an interim system while simultaneously advancing indigenous development—will ensure that India’s mechanised forces remain well-protected and prepared for future battlefield challenges. Strengthening mobile air defence is not just a modernisation effort but a strategic necessity to safeguard national security and maintain operational superiority in a rapidly evolving combat environment.
Aritra Banerjee is a Defence, Foreign Affairs & Aerospace Journalist, Co-Author of the book ‘The Indian Navy @75: Reminiscing the Voyage’ and was the Co-Founder of Mission Victory India (MVI), a new-age military reforms think-tank. He has worked in TV, Print and Digital media, and has been a columnist writing on strategic affairs for national and international publications. His reporting career has seen him covering major Security and Aviation events in Europe and travelling across Kashmir conflict zones. Twitter: @Aritrabanned
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