SOURCE: AFI
Recent footage of China’s ZTQ-15 light tanks reveals a significant upgrade in their protection systems, as the tanks are now equipped with large, cage-like “grills” that cover the front, sides, top, and rear of the vehicle. This extensive protection extends to critical components such as the engine, transmission compartments, and partially the external fuel tanks. These enhancements come at a time when India is increasing its focus on kamikaze drones and loitering ammunition, possibly signaling that China is responding to this emerging threat along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
The ZTQ-15, also known as the Type 15, is designed for operations in rugged terrain like mountains and jungles, making it particularly suited for deployment in areas like the LAC, where the landscape poses significant challenges for heavier armored vehicles. First showcased publicly in 2016, this light tank features a 105mm gun capable of firing both traditional rounds and guided missiles, giving it substantial firepower despite its relatively lighter design compared to main battle tanks.
The addition of these large “grills” or slat armor likely aims to protect the ZTQ-15 from threats posed by drones and loitering munitions. These kinds of weapons, particularly kamikaze drones, have proven to be highly effective against tanks and other armored vehicles, as seen in recent conflicts around the world. The drones’ ability to attack from above and strike at vulnerable spots, such as the roof or engine compartments, presents a unique challenge for traditional tank armor, which is often thicker on the front and sides but weaker on the top.
By installing these grill-like structures, Chinese engineers are aiming to mitigate the damage caused by such attacks. The grill armor, also known as cage or slat armor, is designed to pre-detonate the warheads of rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), or loitering munitions before they hit the main armor of the vehicle. This reduces the likelihood of penetration or damage to vital areas.
India’s recent procurement of kamikaze drones and loitering munitions for its armed forces likely influenced the decision to increase the protection of ZTQ-15 tanks. The Indian Army has made significant advancements in acquiring indigenous and foreign-made loitering munitions, which can loiter over battlefields for extended periods before striking targets. These systems offer precise targeting capabilities and can hit vulnerable points on armored vehicles, such as tanks.
At the LAC, where the two countries have been in a standoff since 2020, such drone-based weapon systems could prove highly effective in targeting lightly armored vehicles like the ZTQ-15. Hence, the adoption of this enhanced armor system by China could be a direct response to mitigate India’s growing drone threat.
The ZTQ-15 was developed to meet the needs of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) in areas where heavier tanks like the Type 99 might struggle. Its light weight, estimated at around 33-36 tons, allows it to operate more effectively in high-altitude areas and dense forests. The ZTQ-15’s 105mm rifled gun can fire various types of ammunition, including armor-piercing rounds and guided missiles, giving it the versatility to engage both armored vehicles and infantry from a distance.
Despite its lighter armor, the ZTQ-15 is equipped with modern defensive systems, including active protection systems (APS) designed to intercept incoming projectiles. However, the grill armor upgrade indicates that passive protection is still seen as essential, particularly against aerial threats like drones.