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SOURCE: AFI

India’s quest for a robust Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system has been a cornerstone of its strategic defense initiatives for over two decades. As missile threats continue to evolve, developing a comprehensive system capable of intercepting and neutralizing incoming ballistic missiles is a critical priority for the nation. Spearheaded by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), India’s indigenous BMD program has made significant progress, but the question remains: how close is India to operationalizing its first indigenous BMD shield?

The Indian BMD program is structured into two primary layers of defense: the Prithvi Air Defence (PAD) for exo-atmospheric interception (outside the Earth’s atmosphere) and the Advanced Air Defence (AAD) for endo-atmospheric interception (within the Earth’s atmosphere). Together, these systems aim to provide a comprehensive shield against incoming missile threats, ranging from short-range tactical missiles to long-range intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

The PAD system, designed to intercept missiles at altitudes of up to 80 kilometers, is equipped with the Prithvi Defense Vehicle (PDV). This interceptor uses advanced seeker technologies and high-speed propulsion systems to destroy incoming threats in their mid-course phase. On the other hand, the AAD system intercepts missiles at altitudes of 15-25 kilometers during their terminal phase. Both systems rely on advanced radars, including the Swordfish long-range tracking radar, a derivative of the Israeli Green Pine radar.

India has conducted a series of successful tests for both PAD and AAD interceptors. Notably, in 2019, DRDO achieved a critical milestone by demonstrating an anti-satellite (ASAT) capability with “Mission Shakti,” underscoring India’s prowess in missile interception technologies. However, operational deployment requires more than successful tests; the system must demonstrate reliability under varied conditions, integrate seamlessly with other defense mechanisms, and be adaptable to evolving threats.

The operationalization of India’s BMD system faces several challenges. First is the complexity of tracking and neutralizing multiple incoming warheads, particularly if an adversary employs decoys or advanced maneuvering technologies. Additionally, integrating the BMD system with India’s existing air defense network requires sophisticated communication systems and real-time data processing capabilities. The geopolitical implications also play a role, as deploying a BMD system can influence regional dynamics and potentially trigger arms races.

Despite these challenges, India’s BMD program is inching closer to readiness. Reports suggest that the first phase of the BMD system, which primarily focuses on short and medium-range threats, is nearing deployment. The second phase, aimed at countering ICBMs and advanced missile threats, is under active development, with DRDO working on interceptors capable of engaging targets at altitudes beyond 150 kilometers.

Strategically, deploying an indigenous BMD system would significantly bolster India’s defense capabilities. It would provide a critical layer of protection for major cities and strategic assets, enhancing India’s deterrence posture. Furthermore, mastering BMD technology places India in an elite group of nations, including the US, Russia, and China, that possess advanced missile defense systems.






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