SOURCE: AFI
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is on the cusp of a critical capability challenge, with its combat squadron strength projected to dip below the sanctioned 42-squadron strength to under 30 squadrons in the coming years. This shortfall arises amidst a growing threat environment and delayed acquisition programs for manned combat aircraft. In this context, the IAF urgently needs to fast-track the development and induction of highly autonomous Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) and cost-effective “loyal wingman” drones to bolster its combat potential and address capability gaps.
Stealthy, long-range UCAVs offer unparalleled advantages in modern aerial warfare. Equipped with advanced sensors, precision weaponry, and artificial intelligence (AI), these platforms can penetrate heavily contested airspaces, conduct surveillance, and neutralize enemy threats with minimal human risk. For the IAF, such capabilities are critical given India’s vast borders and the need to maintain air superiority in multiple theaters against adversaries like China and Pakistan.
The “loyal wingman” concept involves deploying AI-driven drones that act as force multipliers, flying in formation with manned fighters to perform complementary roles. These roles include electronic warfare, target designation, surveillance, and even carrying out precision strikes.
For the IAF, loyal wingman drones present an affordable solution to enhance the operational efficiency of its existing fighter fleet. With relatively lower development and production costs compared to manned aircraft.
The IAF’s dwindling squadron strength is a direct result of ageing platforms like the MiG-21 and Jaguars being retired without adequate replacements. This gap, coupled with delays in the Tejas Mk1A and AMCA programs, poses a significant challenge to India’s air dominance in a region increasingly marked by modernized air forces. China, for instance, has aggressively developed its stealth UCAVs like the GJ-11, while also deploying loyal wingman drones in tandem with its J-20 stealth fighters.
Moreover, Pakistan’s growing reliance on drones and its anticipated acquisition of advanced fighters like the J-35 from China adds to the threat matrix. To counter these developments, the IAF cannot solely rely on traditional manned platforms. It needs a hybrid fleet that integrates advanced unmanned systems to stay ahead in the evolving air combat paradigm.
The IAF must collaborate closely with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and private industry players to fast-track the development of indigenous UCAVs and loyal wingman drones. Programs like the DRDO’s Ghatak UCAV and CATS Warrior drone are steps in the right direction, but their timelines need acceleration. Simultaneously, partnerships with global defense OEMs could bring in critical technologies to expedite capability building.