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SOURCE: AFI

The Indian Army’s air defense capabilities have long included the venerable ZSU-23-2, a Soviet-designed, twin-barreled, 23mm anti-aircraft autocannon system. Originally a towed gun, recent developments and discussions within military circles have focused on converting this system into a light, self-propelled air defense (AD) platform for the Indian Army’s air defense regiments. This transformation aims to enhance mobility, responsiveness, and effectiveness against contemporary aerial threats like drones and low-flying aircraft.

The primary advantage of converting the ZSU-23-2 into a self-propelled system is the increase in mobility. A self-propelled version can rapidly reposition on the battlefield, providing a more dynamic defense against aerial threats.

The ZSU-23-2 systems are already in the inventory, making upgrades a cost-effective solution compared to purchasing entirely new systems. Moreover, the simplicity of the design allows for local production in significant numbers, reducing reliance on foreign suppliers.

With the proliferation of drones and the need for air defense in varied terrains, especially along India’s extensive borders, an updated, mobile ZSU-23-2 could serve as an effective countermeasure.

There have been mentions of trials involving upgrades for the ZSU-23-2, particularly in posts on platforms like X, where users discuss the integration of electro-optical pods, digital fire control systems (FCS), laser range finders, and power-assisted laying systems. These upgrades aimed to modernize the gun’s capabilities for better target acquisition and engagement.

Despite these trials, the full-scale upgrade program seems to have stalled or not progressed as anticipated. There’s no clear public record on whether these upgrades were adopted or if they encountered technical or budgetary constraints.

Even with its age, with proper upgrades, the ZSU-23-2 can continue to serve as a potent force, especially in a layered air defense strategy where it complements more advanced missile systems. Upgrading and potentially manufacturing these systems domestically would support India’s defense industry, aligning with the “Make in India” initiative.

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