SOURCE: AFI
In a recent discussion, Air Marshal Anil Khosla underscored the multifaceted considerations India must navigate in pursuit of fifth-generation fighter aircraft. He highlighted key decision-making factors including life cycle cost, transfer of technology, alignment with the ‘Make in India’ initiative, delivery schedules, aircraft performance, and compatibility with existing Indian systems and weaponry.
India’s journey towards securing a fifth-generation fighter jet is complex, primarily because only three nations—China, the United States, and Russia—currently possess such technology. With Chinese jets being off-limits due to geopolitical tensions, India’s options are narrowed down to the American F-35 Lightning II and the Russian Su-57.
The acquisition of the F-35 presents significant hurdles. One of the primary obstacles is India’s deployment of the Russian-made S-400 air defense system, which has been a point of contention with the U.S., notably leading to Turkey’s removal from the F-35 program. This scenario raises concerns about potential U.S. sanctions or restrictions if India were to proceed with F-35 acquisition. Additionally, even if the U.S. were to approve the sale, it’s anticipated that there would be stringent conditions, including no transfer of technology, which is a critical aspect for India’s self-reliance ambitions. These factors make the F-35 an impractical choice for India’s strategic defense needs.
Turning to Russia, there have been renewed efforts to entice India with the Su-57. Russian proposals now include enhanced stealth features, improved avionics, and the integration of hypersonic weapons, with a notable reduction in price. Moreover, Russia has shown flexibility in payment terms, potentially accepting transactions in Indian rupees. However, the Su-57 also comes with its set of challenges:
- Technology Transfer: Similar to the U.S., Russia might be reluctant to fully share technology, an aspect crucial for India’s goal of technological independence.
- Combat Provenance: The Su-57 lacks the battle-tested reputation that might be sought by India, where reliability under combat conditions is paramount.
- Delivery Concerns: The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has raised doubts about Russia’s ability to meet delivery schedules, crucial for India’s defense planning.
- Geopolitical Risks: The threat of U.S. sanctions for engaging in significant military purchases from Russia remains a deterrent, complicating the decision-making process.
India’s choice in this matter will not only be about acquiring a superior aircraft but will also reflect its broader defense strategy. The decision will involve balancing immediate operational requirements with long-term strategic objectives, including technological autonomy, regional power dynamics, and the capacity to project influence in South Asia and beyond.
Air Marshal Khosla’s insights reveal the delicate balancing act India faces. With no easy path forward, India’s approach to fifth-generation fighters will likely involve a mix of diplomatic negotiations, strategic foresight, and perhaps, the strengthening of its indigenous AMCA (Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft) program to eventually reduce reliance on foreign technology and arms.